Darwinism and Human Affairs Richard D. Alexander

Alexander Etz , Richard

No replication is truly direct, and I recommend moving away from the classification of replications as “direct” or “conceptual” to a framework in which we accept that treatment effects vary across conditions. Relatedly, we should stop labeling replications as successes or failures and instead use continuous measures to compare different studies, again using meta-analysis of raw data where possi...

Darwinism and social Darwinism.

Origins of the myth of social Darwinism: The ambiguous legacy of Richard Hofstadter’s Social Darwinism in American Thought

The term “social Darwinism” owes its currency and many of its connotations to Richard Hofstadter’s influential Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860–1915 (SDAT). The postSDATmeanings of “social Darwinism” are the product of an unresolvedWhiggish tension in SDAT: Hofstadter championed economic reform over free markets, but he also condemned biology in social science, this while many progres...

Profile of Alexander D. Johnson.

Discussing the yeast Candida albicans, biochemist Alexander Johnson describes a resident of the human gut that can turn into a fatal pathogen in the immunocompromised. Johnson, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of California, San Francisco, appreciates the genetic intricacies of this eukaryote that changed his views on transcriptional regulation and the evolution of m...

Veterinary public health and Alexander D. Langmuir.

Alexander Duncan Langmuir was recruited by the late Joseph Mountin, as I (1. H. S.) was after World War II, with the challenge to explore new areas that related to public health. Mountin was a leader who gained fame by challenging the old order and anticipating future needs (1). He foresaw the need for an agency such as the Communicable Disease Center (now the Centers for Disease Control and Pr...